Merits.:-The English word 'Democracy' is derived from two Greek word 'Demos' and 'kratia' or 'cratos'.Demos means crowd and Democracy has described it as Mobocracy. But in reality democracy is not mobocracy but rule By majority of the people according to certain rule and regulations which are accepted by the people of a country.
In the beginning there what direct democracy. For example in our country the villagers used to elect their representatives for village 'panchayat' by Raising their hands in favour of their candidate. But now people cast their votes in favour of their candidates who stand for Parliament or Legislative Assemblies of states. The most famous definition which is generally quoted is of Abraham Lincoin, the Great president of America according to Lincoin "Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people."
The system of Democracy has following merits.:-
1. it gives equal opportunities to make progress to all the people.
2. it is above any kind of undue favour to any religion, cast, Creed or colour. 3. people are supreme and can not be exploited by any dictator or group of person.
4.it gives freedom of expression to the masses. It develops the intellectual level of the country.
5. In a democratic country a citizens is free to follow any kind of religion ,trade etc. This helps the citizen to develop their inherent capabilities which contribute to the progress of the country.
Demerits of the Democracy.:-
1.Government by popular majorities mean rules by the average man.who is generally unintelligent controlled in his conduct more by emotions than by reason of limited knowledge.What standard of judgement can make us believe the opinion of 51 percent of the people to be wiser than 49 percent.
2.It is necessary to make long range plans and policies to achieve any great success.But in a Democratic system the representatives of the people are bound to face the electorate after every 5 years. The general public do not want to make sacrifices for the Good results which wil be available only in future. So a country can not make real progress by following Democratic system.
3.The capitalist,industrialist bosses of Mafia type group and religious leaders play a dominant part in influencing voters in general elections. So the honest and capable leaders do not get oppourtunity to form the government.
4.Democracy needs educated enlightenment and patriotic people to make it a success. So in a country where the percentage of literacy is less than 50%a democratic system is useless and harmful for the welfare of the people.
Conclusion.
:- In a democratic system of government the principle of balance of power is used and consequently legislature judiciary and executive the three branches of government are separated.So the power of the government is limited by the laws of the constitution. It helps in smooth running of the system. But only a state of literate, well disciplined patriotic people can enjoy the real fruits of Democracy.
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